Special Occupations
Delivery and Clerical Employment in Factory Offices and Service Stores
Newspaper Sales and Delivery
Shoeshiners (Bootblacks)
Child Performers
Child Models
Commissioner of Education- Regulations for Child Models
Work in Factory Offices and Service Stores
No one under 16 may work on the factory floor, but 14 or 15 year-olds may work in delivery and desk jobs in a factory office. The office must be enclosed and separate from the manufacturing area. The office must have a partition at least seven feet high, and must have a separate entrance so that young people may enter or leave without passing through the factory workroom.
A minor ages 14 or 15 may also work in a delivery job or at a counter in a service store where goods belonging to customers are:
- Cleaned
- Pressed
- Altered
- Repaired
This includes:
- Dry cleaning store
- Tailor shop
- Shoe repair shop
- Laundry store
- Hat cleaning store
- Similar service store
They may not work near dangerous machinery, equipment or processes.*
*Federal law requires that 14 and 15 year-olds who do any delivery work for retail stores go on foot, by bicycle or by bus. It also forbids them from working in a place where processing (such as laundering or dry cleaning) takes place.
Newspaper Sales and Delivery
There are two major jobs related to newspaper sales and delivery. They are :
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Newspaper carrier
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"Street trades"
Newspaper Carriers
A newspaper carrier delivers, or sells and delivers, newspapers, shopping papers, or periodicals to customers at their homes or places of business.
The minimum age for a newspaper carrier is 11. All newspaper carriers from ages 11 through 17 must have a permit.
Allowed hours for newspaper carriers 11 through 17 are:
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No more than 4 hours in a school day
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No more than 5 hours in a non-school day
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Not before 5 AM
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Not after 7 PM or 30 minutes before sunset, whichever is later
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Not during the time when the minor is required to be in school
A Newspaper Carrier Permit is not valid for work as a helper on a newspaper delivery truck that delivers papers to stores or distributors. It is not valid for work as a helper on a motor vehicle that delivers papers to homes. Work as a helper on any motor vehicle is forbidden until age 18.
The newspaper publisher or distributor who supplies the papers or periodicals to the carrier must have Workers' Compensation insurance for them. A newspaper publisher or distributor who knowingly permits a newspaper carrier to work in violation of the law will pay a double Workers Compensation award if the minor is hurt. Insurance may only cover half that award. The publisher or distributor must pay the other half out of pocket. If there was no insurance, the employer must pay all of it out of pocket.
It is against the law to knowingly supply newspapers or periodicals to a newspaper carrier who does not comply with the rules. The Department of Labor and the police have shared power to enforce this law.
(Note: These newspaper carrier rules do not apply to a minor who sells newspapers at a stand owned either by a candy store proprietor or by a newspaper publisher or distributor. The parts of the Labor Law that apply to minor employed in other industries or occupations cover this.)
Street Trades
The "street trades" are:
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Selling newspapers or other periodicals on streets or in other public places
- Shining shoes on streets or in other public places
The minimum age for this work is 14. Young persons from ages 14 through 17, who work on the street, must have a street trades permit issued by a school official. They must carry it while working.
Allowed hours for street trades by minors 14 through 17 are:
- No more than 4 hours on a school day
- No more than 5 hours on a non-school day
- Not before 6 AM
- Not after 7 PM
- Not during the time when the minor is required to be in school
The Department of Labor and the police have shared power to enforce the street trades rules.
Child Models
Minors not yet 18 may not be employed or exhibited as models without a permit from the educational authorities. The permit authorizes work for several employers, but each employer must sign the permit.
Commissioner of Education - Regulations For Child Models
A minor employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model shall be accompanied by the parent or guardian of such minor or by an adult designated in writing by such parent or guardian provided that in relation to a minor fifteen years of age or under, the employer of the minor may not be so designated by the parent or guardian.
No minor shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model during the hours he/she is required to be in attendance in the school in which he/she is enrolled.
No minor under 7 years of age shall be employed, used, exhibited or caused to be exhibited as a model for more than 2 hours in any 1 day and not more than 10 hours in any 1 week nor shall such minor be so employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited during the hours of 6 p.m. to 9 a.m.
No minor 7 years of age through 13 years of age, in any week during which the school said minor attends is in session, shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model more than 3 hours in any one day in which such school is in session or 4 hours in any one day in which such school is not in session but not more than 18 hours in any such week.
No minor 7 years of age through 13 years of age, in any week during which the school said minor attends is not in session, shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model more than 4 hours in any 1 day but not more than 20 hours in any such week.
No such minor shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited between the hours of 6 p.m. and 9 a.m.
No minor 14 or 15 years of age, in any week during which the school said minor attends is in session, shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model more than 3 hours in any 1 day in which such school is in session or 8 hours in any 1 day in which such school is not in session, but not more than 23 hours in any such week.
No minor 14 or 15 years of age, in any week during which the school said minor attends is not in session, shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model more than 8 hours in any 1 day but not more than 40 hours in any such week.
No such minor shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited between the hours of 6 p.m. and 9 a.m.
No minor 16 or 17 years of age, in any week during which the school said minor attends is in session, shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model more than 4 hours in any 1 day in which such school is in session or 8 hours in any 1 day in which such school is not in session but not more than 28 hours in any such week.
No minor 16 or 17 years of age, in any week during which the school said minor attends is not in session, shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model more than 8 hours in any 1 day but not more than 48 hours in any such week.
No male minor 16 or 17 years of age shall be employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model between 12 o'clock midnight and 6 a.m. and no such female minor shall be so employed between 10 p.m. and 7 a.m.
Child Model Work Permits shall accompany each minor employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a model and each person employing, using, or exhibiting the minor shall at the beginning and at the completion of such employment, use, or exhibition for each day indicate the exact hours of such employment, use, or exhibition and shall in addition indicate the total hours of such employment, use, or exhibition for such day.
The certificate of physical fitness issued to each minor employed, used, exhibited, or caused to be exhibited as a child model shall, in the case of each such minor who is in attendance at a school, be made by the medical inspector charged with the duty of making physical examinations of all school children and for each such minor not in attendance at a school shall be made by a physician licensed to practice medicine in the State of New York except that in a city of over l,000,000 population such certificate shall be issued only by a physician designated by the Department of Health if the minor is of school age.
A child model work permit shall be issued by the superintendent of schools in cities and school districts employing a superintendent of schools and elsewhere by the district superintendent of schools. A superintendent of schools or district superintendent of schools may designate in writing one or more public school officials to act as certifying officers in his stead.
A child model work permit may be revoked by the certifying officer at any time for any violation of law or of these regulations or for any other good cause.